منابع مشابه
Scrambled and not-so-tiny genomes of fungal endosymbionts.
Symbiosis, defined as prolonged and close association of two or more different organisms, is a major driving force for expansion of biological diversity from genes to ecosystems. In the most intimate form, the symbiont lives inside the cells of its host, is heritable, and the two parties could no longer survive independently. Such heritable endosymbiosis blurs the line of what constitutes an in...
متن کاملThe Creation of Necessity: Making Sense of Cartesian Modality
دکارت در نوشته‌های کلامی خود، دو فرضیه‌ی گیج‌کنندۀ به هم پیوسته را به پیش می‌برد: فرضیۀ1) خداوند آزادانه حقایق ازلی را می‌آفریند (یعنی آموزۀ خلقت)؛ فرضیۀ2) حقایق ازلی بالضروره صادقاند. بنا به فرضیۀ نخست، خداوند آزادانه برمی‌گزیند که کدام قضایا ضروری باشد، کدام محتمل و کدام ممکن. اما آموزۀ خلقت دکارت قبول فرضیۀ دوم را دشوار می‌سازد، زیرا مستلزم آن است که خداوند می‌توانسته است ــ با ایجاد مج...
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The five sensory modalities of humans are also found in a wide range of invertebrates. Other vertebrates have evolved additional special senses, such as the magnetic sense, which are also found in some invertebrates. However, there remain a few sensory abilities that curiously appear to be found in either vertebrates or invertebrates, but not both. For example, electrosensitivity - the ability ...
متن کاملMaking Sense of Word Sense Variation
We present a pilot study of word-sense annotation using multiple annotators, relatively polysemous words, and a heterogenous corpus. Annotators selected senses for words in context, using an annotation interface that presented WordNet senses. Interannotator agreement (IA) results show that annotators agree well or not, depending primarily on the individual words and their general usage properti...
متن کاملMaking Sense of Partial ∗
We address the challenging task of processing partial multimodal utterances in a mixed-initiative dialogue system for multiple applications such as information seeking, device control etc. Based on four different types of expectations computed by our action planner (aka dialog manager), we distinguish between expected utterances, various degrees of unexpected but plausible utterances, and unint...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science
سال: 2008
ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.319.5865.901a